Henry Palmer (July 30, 1827 – June 15, 1895) was an American physician and educator.

He was also the 12th mayor of Janesville, Wisconsin, and was professor of surgery at the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Chicago.

Shortly after graduating, Palmer traveled to Europe for vacation and ended up volunteering as a surgeon in the Crimean War.

Palmer joined the 7th Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry Regiment in 1861.

Palmer would spend time as a member of the faculty at the University of Illinois College of Medicine.