The purpose is to grow a number of garden plants which require (or thrive best in) acidic soil.
Such plants commonly include heathers (Erica, Calluna, rhododendrons and camellias).
Another group of plants common in ericaceous beds are those belonging to the boreal coniferous forest, e.g. Vaccinium (blueberries).
Ericaceous fertilizer can be applied to plants that require acidic, but not nutrient-poor, soil.
Botanically, plants with ericoid mycorrhizas grow successfully on mor humus soils in which low pH and high organic acid levels combine to exclude many other species.