[2] The simulation project was undertaken at the NASA Advanced Supercomputer Division's Pleiades and the Swiss National Supercomputing Centre for nearly eight months, which would have otherwise taken 570 years in a personal computer.
All of these projects had failed as the simulation results showed central bulges which are huge compared to the disk size.
[3] It is based on the theory that in the early universe, cold and slow moving dark matter particles clumped together.
These dark matter clumps then formed the "scaffolding" around galaxies and galactic clusters.
The motions of more than 60 million particles which represented dark matter and galactic gas were simulated for a period of 13 billion years.