Barthez produced three volumes on children's diseases with Frédéric Rilliet (1814-1861).
[2][3] He was the grandnephew of the distinguished physician Paul Joseph Barthez.
[4] Barthez worked as a physician at the court of Napoleon III and Eugénie de Montijo.
In 1912, posthumous letters from Barthez were made public in a book translated by Bernard Miall.
One letter caused controversy as it alleged that the medium Daniel Dunglas Home was caught using his foot to fake supposed spirit effects during a séance in Biarritz in 1857.