Ernest R. Atwater (September 14, 1865 – 1898) was a Congregational minister and missionary to China.
He was married to Jennie Pond Atwater (1865–96), who died while in the China mission with her husband.
Atwater, his four children by Jennie, Ernestine (1889–1900), Mary (1892–1900), Celia (circa 1894–??
), and Ernest's second wife, Elizabeth Graham Atwater were all killed.
Atwater was born in Oberlin, Ohio on September 14, 1865.