Ernst Heinrich Ehlers (11 November 1835 – 31 December 1925) was a German zoologist born in Lüneburg.
He studied medicine and natural sciences at the University of Göttingen, earning his doctorate in 1861.
In 1869 he became a full professor of zoology, comparative anatomy and veterinary medicine at the University of Erlangen.
He was a leading authority on polychaetes, and is credited with describing many invertebrate species new to science.
The polychaete genus Ehlersia (de Quatrefages, 1866) from the family Syllidae is named after him.