[1] In extreme cases, people may drink urine if no other fluids are available, although numerous credible sources (including the US Army Field Manual) advise against using it.
[4] In one incident, Aron Ralston drank urine when trapped for several days with his arm under a boulder.
[5] Survivalist television host Bear Grylls drank urine and encouraged others to do so on several episodes on his TV shows.
[6] See soupeur, urolagnia In various cultures, alternative medicine applications exist of urine from humans, or animals such as camels or cattle, for medicinal or cosmetic purposes, including drinking of one's own urine, but no evidence supports their use.
[7][8] People may be forced to drink urine as a form of torture or humiliation, as in the case of a Dalit boy in Jaunpur, India, who in 2023 was accused by local youths of sexually harassing a girl.