Erwin Oberländer (born 19 March 1937) is a German historian and expert on Eastern European history.

He was appointed as Professor at the University of Cologne in 1973, and was a senior adviser in the culture department of the Federal Ministry of the Interior 1974-1975, where he was responsible for research on Eastern European affairs.

Theodor Oberländer was a German CDU politician and former Federal Minister until he was pushed out of the party for advocating far-right causes.

[3] Theodor was also a leader of the All-German Bloc/League of Expellees and Deprived of Rights, a political party that resisted denazification.

Theodor advocated for the ethnic cleansing of Poland and participated in the organization of anti-partisan actions, for which he was investigated by German prosecutors as late as 1996.