[1] The city is located on the banks of the Porsuk River, 792 m above sea level, where it overlooks the fertile Phrygian Valley.

In the fourth century AD the city moved about ten km northeast, from Karacahisar to Şehirhöyük.

[citation needed] As with many towns in Anatolia, Christianity arrived after Constantine the Great legalized the religion in the Roman Empire.

Devrim was never put into mass production and stayed a concept study; it can be viewed in the TÜLOMSAŞ factory in Eskişehir.

In addition to production, the first Turkish steam powered locomotive called Karakurt was produced at the TÜLOMSAŞ factory in 1961.

Eskişehir produces trucks, home appliances, railway locomotives, fighter aircraft engines, agricultural equipment, textiles, brick, cement, chemicals, processed meerschaum, and refined sugar.

Eti [tr], one of Turkey's largest food brands (mostly producing biscuits, chocolate, and candy), is based in Eskişehir.

Arçelik, a major Turkish home appliances and consumer electronics manufacturer, has one of its production plants in Eskişehir.

GKN, a major global automotive supplier for passenger and commercial car powertrain systems, has a plant in Eskişehir.

It also attracted ethnic Turks emigrating from Balkan countries such as Bulgaria, Romania, Bosnia, North Macedonia, and the Sandžak region of Serbia, who contributed to the development of the city's metalworking industries.

In 2013, Eskişehir hosted the inaugural Turkvision Song Contest, which aims to highlight music and artists from various Turkic-speaking regions.

Most of modern-day Eskişehir was rebuilt after the Turkish War of Independence (1919–1923), but a number of historic buildings remain, such as the Kurşunlu Mosque.