It has 46,753 inhabitants according to the 2022 census [INDEC] and it is the head town of the Las Colonias Department.

[1] Esperanza is at the heart of the most important dairy district of the country (milk production is based on the Holando-Argentino breed).

Additionally it hosts many small and medium industries in a variety of sectors (wood, metal mechanics, food products, book printing, editorials, textile, leather, etc.).

Esperanza was the first formally organized agricultural colony in Argentina, formed by 200 families of immigrants from Switzerland, Germany, France, Italy, Belgium and Luxembourg who arrived during January and February 1856.

The lands for each family in the colony had been set aside on 15 June 1853 by an agreement (the Agricultural Colonization Contract) between the government of Santa Fe and the entrepreneur Aarón Castellanos.