Esplanade of Sacrifice to the Heaven and Earth

The Esplanade of Sacrifice to the Heaven and Earth (Vietnamese: Đàn Nam Giao; chữ Hán: 南郊壇) is an imperial altar situated south of the city of Huế, central Vietnam.

The altar was inscribed as part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site of "Complex of Hué Monuments" by the government in 1993 and is thus under special protection.

The ceremony, which is of Chinese origin and is similar to the Korean ceremony of Jongmyo jerye, was performed formerly by the Emperors of Vietnam for many years until 1945 after a three-day fast at the Trai Cung Palace, and today is a one-day event held as part of the Hue Festival, which by itself is a series of events celebrating the Imperial heritage of the city as the old residence of the Imperial Family of Vietnam.

On the road outside, a large procession awaits the palanquin section, which is composed of employees of the city government and private citizens wearing costumes worn by servants of the Imperial government and imperial dancers and musicians of the court, which proceeds to Chương Đức gate and out towards the city proper and later on to Nghing Luong Dinh Imperial Port, formerly used by the Imperial household, wherein the presider, after departing the palanquin, then rides a dragon boat on the Perfume River, which then, after travelling to the An Cuu Canal, lands at the Ben Ngu Port at Da Vien Island, wherein the entourage disembarks en route to the Trai Cung Palace to rest before the presider departs to rejoin the procession in the late afternoon to the Esplanade for the ceremony proper as drums and gongs sound the departure.

At that point the presider prays to the gods of Heaven and Earth in the name of the people of the nation, welcoming them to the ceremony and asking them to bless the conduct of the sacred rites.

After which, drums announce the moment as the presiding guest prays in the altar in the name of the people of the city, province and the whole nation of Vietnam for her peace, prosperity and progress, and for good weather and favorable harvests in the next two years.

Imperial procession of the prayer to heaven at the Esplanade of Sacrifice to the Heaven and Earth (1942)
Ceremony of Nam Giao parade.
Nam Giao ceremonial dress Cổn miện (袞冕) of emperor during ceremony.
From left to right, court dress of emperor's son-in law (Phò Mã,駙馬), Nam Giao ceremonial dress of prince (Hoàng Tử, 皇子) and Princess (Công chúa,公主).
Dress code of Duke (Quận Công, 郡公), ceremonial dress of Nam Giao (left) and court dress (right).
Dress code of imperial members (Hoàng Thân,皇親), Nam Giao ceremonial dress (left) and court dress (right).
Court dress of third rank concubine (left), Empress consort (middle) and second rank concubine(right).
Royal costumes of a state secretary (right) and a deputy internal marquis
Royal costumes of an internal marquis (right) and an external marquis
Royal costumes of a district marquis (right) and a township duke for a courtesy meeting