The Estense Lapidary Museum is a lapidarium-museum in Modena, Italy, located around the interior quadrangle of the Palazzo dei Musei's ground floor.

As the first public museum to be commissioned by the Duke Francesco IV d'Este upon his re-entry into Modena in 1814, it stands as a symbol of the collaboration between church, state and nobility.

The museum was built around an initial nucleus of antique stone objects already present within the Estense collection, thanks to Alfonso II d'Este's Ferrarese antique-dealer and Renaissance humanist Cardinal Rodolfo Pio da Carpi, who harboured a collection of Roman bronze coins and marble sculptures.

In it, Malmusi described the museum as "a perfect testament to the Royal magnificence with which the duke's glorious ancestors used to create"[C. M 1] The collection includes a multitude of partially and wholly complete limestone and marble stele and reliefs.

Many of the museum's corridors are dedicated to the local remains in and around Modena from 183 BC when it became the Roman military colony of Mutina.