Esther Chapa Tijerina (22 October 1904 – 14 December 1970) was a Mexican medical surgeon, educator, writer, feminist, suffragist, trade unionist, and women's and children's rights activist.

Chapa and Cabo became acquainted with one another while in medical school and created reforms to assist in prisons, prostitution, and welfare for women and children.

[4] At a June 1934 meeting, Marxist dissidents, such as Chapa, argued that poverty was a large reason for the prevalence of prostitution in the area.

[5] Chapa pushed for a Marxist revolution to stop the regulation of prostitution and use government funds for education and social reforms instead.

[6] Chapa's 1936 book El derecho al voto para la mujer compared women to prisoners and patients in insane asylums, as they too were not allowed to vote and were restricted in the activities they could do.