Founded in 1938, the Estonian Academy of Sciences (Estonian: Eesti Teaduste Akadeemia, Latin: Academia Scientiarum Estoniae) is Estonia's national academy of science in Tallinn.

As with other national academies, it is an independent group of well-known scientists whose stated aim is to promote research and development, encourage international scientific cooperation, and disseminate knowledge to the public.

In Soviet times, it consisted of a central library and four divisions containing 15 research institutes as well as other scientific societies and museums.

Its building is the so-called palace of Ungern-Sternberg, built in 1865 by the architect Martin Gropius.

These institutions or societies have activities and goals that conform to the objectives of the academy.