Less often, the term has also been applied in the context of the development of Estonian language, culture and identity within educational and other state institutions through various programmes.
During the campaign about 200.000 of Estonian citizens chose a new surname to replace their original family name.
The Estonianization of names stopped almost completely after the Soviet Union invaded and occupied Estonia in 1940.
On 14 March 2000 the Government of Estonia adopted “State Programme “Integration in Estonian society 2000-2007".
Main areas and aims of the integration established by the program are linguistic-communicative, legal-political and socio-economical.