There have been 54 ethnic groups in Vietnam as officially recognized by the Vietnamese government since 2 March 1979.
The largest ethnic groups are: Kinh 85.32%, Tày 1.92%, Thái 1.89%, Mường 1.51%, Hmong 1.45%, Khmer 1.32%, Nùng 1.13%, Dao 0.93%, Hoa 0.78%, with all others accounting for the remaining 3.7% (2019 census).
[3][4] Many of the local ethnic groups residing in mountain areas are known collectively in the West as Montagnard or Degar.
Foreign expatriate workers are a small portion of the population, some settling permanently or through marriage.
Many are migrants from neighboring Asian countries like China, though some are from the west.