Traditionally, the Taiwanese indigenous peoples are usually classified into two groups by their places of residence.
Research on ethnic groups of Taiwanese indigenous peoples started in late 19th century, when Taiwan was under Japanese rule.
However, after World War II, the government refused to recognize the plains indigenous peoples.
The Taiwanese government officially recognises 16 ethnic groups of mountains indigenous peoples.
Kavalan and Thao are disputed to be part of mountains or plains indigenous peoples.