Sociology of race and ethnic relations
1800s: Martineau · Tocqueville · Marx · Spencer · Le Bon · Ward · Pareto · Tönnies · Veblen · Simmel · Durkheim · Addams · Mead · Weber · Du Bois · Mannheim · Elias The sociology of race and ethnic relations is the study of social, political, and economic relations between races and ethnicities at all levels of society.
This area encompasses the study of systemic racism, like residential segregation and other complex social processes between different racial and ethnic groups.
At the level of academic inquiry, ethnic relations is discussed either by the experiences of individual racial-ethnic groups or else by overarching theoretical issues.
Washington came of age as slavery was coming to an end, and was replaced by a system of sharecropping in the southern United States that resulted in black indebtedness.
[8] It was not until the late 1980s when he joined a student movement calling for racial justice at the University of Wisconsin that he began his work in race.
He also discusses "color-blind racism," which is essentially when people go off the basis that we have achieved equality and deny past and present discriminations.
Da Silva's major monograph, Toward a Global Idea of Race, traces the history of modern philosophical thought from Descartes to Herder in order to reconstruct the emergence of the racial as an historical and scientific concept.
This sociology of race relations for Da Silva locates the mind as the principle site of the development of the racial and cultural which emerge as the global (exterior-spatial) in the contemporary context.
Throughout the rest of American history, each new wave of immigration to the United States has brought another set of issues as the tension between maintaining diversity and assimilating takes on new shapes.
[14] However, some key currents can be gleaned from this body of knowledge: in the context of the United States, there is a tendency for minorities to be punished in times of economic, political and/or geopolitical crises.
Times of social and systemic stability, however, tend to mute whatever underlying tensions exist between different groups.
In the United Kingdom, foreign nationals were actively encouraged and sponsored to migrate in the 1950s after the dissolution of the Empire and the social devastation of the Second World War.
As with the UK establishments of media and cultural studies, 'ethnic relations' is often taught as a loosely distinct discipline either within sociology departments or other schools of humanities.
Major British theorists include Paul Gilroy, Stuart Hall, Richard Jenkins, John Rex, Michael Banton and Tariq Modood.
For instance, groups of white and black auditors are matched on every category other than their race, and thoroughly trained to act in identical ways.
[19] Another recent audit by UCLA sociologist S. Michael Gaddis examines the job prospects of black and white college graduates from elite private and high quality state higher education institutions.
