Etienne de Swardt (born August 27, 1970 in Pretoria, Republic of South Africa), is a creator and publisher of French perfumes.
[1][2] Etienne de Swardt was born in 1970 to a South African father, an engineer, and a French mother, an associate[dubious – discuss] professor of classical letters.
After his studies, he joined the LVMH group in 1994 and wrote the concepts of Givenchy perfumes until 2000.
[6][7][8] In 2004, he launched the perfume and body care range of the American boxing brand Everlast with the slogans “Made in Pain” and “Nothing soft comes out of the Bronx ”.
Etienne de Swardt wanted to create an enclave of absolute freedom and olfactory libertinism and wrote a declaration of independence which became the Orange Free State manifesto.