The Eucumbene River rises below Shaw Hill, in the northern part of the Kosciuszko National Park, approximately 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) north of the village of Kiandra.

After passing through or over the dam wall, the river flows generally south before emptying into Lake Jindabyne, impounded by Jindabyne Dam.

The river descends 476 metres (1,562 ft) over its 84 kilometres (52 mi) course, joined by seven minor tributaries.

During winter, the river is subject to snow and ice conditions.

The Snowy Mountains Highway crosses the river at several locations between Adaminaby and Kiandra.