Eudoxia Streshneva was a daughter of Lukyan Stepanovich Streshnev (d. 1630) from Meshchovsk and his wife, Anna Konstantinovna Volkonskaya.

Her mother died shortly after birth, and her father left home to serve in the military.

She was thus regarded almost an orphan and was raised by a rich relative who belonged to the circle of the tsar's court in Moscow.

Eudoxia Streshneva was among those daughters of the nobility summoned to appear in the bride-show at court, when the tsar was to select his new tsaritsa, after his first spouse had died.

He did not only refer to his feelings, but also to his Christian duty to help a girl who would otherwise be forced to leave court and anger her family.

Xenia Shestova accompanied her daughter-in-law during all her official visits to monasteries and churches, and managed her public life as a tsaritsa.

[citation needed] After the birth of her last child in 1639, Tsar Michael reportedly no longer wished to share her bed.