Born of a noble family, he entered the Social Democratic student movement in 1903 during his studies at the Imperial Moscow University and soon joined the Menshevik wing of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party.

He was involved in the 1905 revolution in Georgia and was elected a member to the Third State Duma for the Kutais Governorate from 1907 to 1912.

During the February Revolution in 1917, Gegechkori became commissar for the Russian Provisional Government in western Georgia.

On May 26, 1918, he signed the Act of Declaration of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Georgia.

After the Red Army invasion of Georgia, Gegechkori left for France in March 1921.