His 1905 book The Ritual Spring Song in the West and With the Slavic Peoples (Весенняя обрядовая песня на Западе и у славян)[1] won him the Lomonosov Prize in 1907.

Anichkov taught at the Bestuzhev Courses for women, as well as the Saint Petersburg University where in 1902-1917 he was the head of the Western Literatures department.

A respected Shakespearean scholar, he regularly visited Great Britain (where at Oxford University he read lectures on Slavic folklore and Russian mythology), as well as France.

In Paris, with Maksim Kovalevsky, he co-founded the Russian High School of Social Studies.

The 1917 Revolution found him in France where he stayed for a while before moving in 1918 to Yugoslavia, to lecture at the Belgrade and Skopje Universities.