"[1] Alternatively, Donald Smiley defined executive federalism as "the relation between elected and appointed officials of the two orders of government.
[6] As a special intergovernmental decision-making forum, its power is that which the leaders of all Australian jurisdictions bring to negotiate on behalf of their people, and to implement the decisions reached, a model which public policy expert Jennifer Menzies calls executive federalism.
[13] Its importance is also reflected in the fact that although it has no constitutional basis, numerous legal texts refer to it.
In order to maintain some coherence in policy, it was necessary to create a body in which the various governments can meet regularly and consult.
[18] The Conference of Ministers-President[19] is a committee formed by the sixteen States of Germany (Bundesländer) to coordinate policy in areas that fall within the sole jurisdiction of the Länder, e.g.
[20] The conference is not a constitutional body, therefore formal agreements between the federal states are fixed in a Staatsvertrag (treaty/compact).
[21] Since the MPK itself is not an official constitutional body, its meetings are purely informal, coordinating in nature.
Similar bodies also exist at the level of the specialist ministers (such as the Conference of Ministers of Education and Cultural Affairs)[22] The Federal-State Conference (officially: "Conference of the Federal Chancellor with the Heads of Government of the States") is an unofficial body of the Federal Government and the federal states that was convened for the first time on 12 March 2020 to coordinate measures under the Infection Protection Act (Infektionsschutzgesetz, IfSG) to combat the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany nationwide.
The Conference, established in Pomezia, Lazio on 15–16 January 1981,[23] is composed of 21 members, including the representatives of the autonomous provinces of Trentino and South Tyrol, which form the Region of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol.
[34] The President of Russia has held meetings with the elected heads of the regions, but there is no formal structure.
[40] The Conference of Presidents is the highest-level political body for cooperation and the autonomous communities and the Government of Spain.
The National Governors Association (NGA) is an American political organization founded in 1908.