[2] Advocates of eye vein verification note that one of the technology's strengths is the stability of the pattern of eye blood vessels; the patterns do not change with age, alcohol consumption, allergies, or redness.
Eye veins are clear enough that they can be reliably imaged by the cameras on most smartphones.
[4] Dr. Reza Derakhshani at University of Missouri, Kansas City, developed the concept of using the veins in the whites of the eyes for identification.
More recent research has explored using vein patterns in both the iris and the sclera for recognition.
[5] Eye vein verification, like other methods of biometric authentication, can be used in a range of security situations, including mobile banking, government security, and in healthcare environments.