Félix Moumié was born in 1925 at the Protestant hospital of Njissé in Foumban, to Samuel Mekou Moumié, evangelist at the Protestant mission, and Suzanne Mvuh.
He was sensitized to anti-colonialist and communist ideas during his studies, notably with Gabriel d'Arboussier (the future Secretary General of the African Democratic Rally) and the historian Jean Suret-Canale.
In April 1958, he attended the "Conference of Independent African States" organized by the Ghanaian President Kwame Nkrumah.
Accompanied by Osendé Afana, he went to Congo in 1960 to meet with President Patrice Lumumba, who had shown sympathy for the UPC cause, but who was then overthrown by Colonel Mobutu's troops, who drove them out of the country.
He lived mainly between Ghana and Guinea where he sought to gain support for the UPC.