F. S. Noordhoff

While based in Arnhem, he joined both the Social Democratic Workers' Party (SDAP) and the General Dutch Civil Servants' Union (ANAB).

[1] Noordhoff began working for the ANAB in 1910, as the volunteer editor of its journal, the De Ambtenaar, then became the union's full-time secretary.

Because of inflation during World War I, he led a broad coalition demanding increased wages for civil servants.

He was the secretary of the Military Commission, which aimed to decide on the SDAP's approach to future wars, and on it, he took a pacifist position.

After the war, he became vice-chair of the Honour Council which adjudicated which NVV members had collaborated too closely with the Nazis, and should therefore not be permitted to return to their posts.