It was founded on September 20, 1945, as the first liberal state party in West Germany.

[3] Since the FDP received a result of only 4.97% in the 2020 state elections and therefore failed to pass the five percent hurdle,[5] the party was not represented by a parliamentary group in the Hamburg Parliament.

However, thanks to a constituency mandate, top candidate Anna von Treuenfels was appointed as member of the Hamburg Parliament.

In January 2022, former member of the SPD Sami Musa joined the FDP Hamburg.

[7] Anna-Elisabeth von Treuenfels-Frowein left the party in July 2024 for the CDU, therefore only one member represents the FDP in the Hamburg Parliament.