Fabian Ware

With the assistance of Alfred Milner, he obtained an appointment as the commander of a mobile ambulance unit provided by the British Red Cross Society.

[18] When the editor-in-chief of The Morning Post, James Nicol Dunn, resigned during the Russo–Japanese War, Ware had written to Oliver Borthwick and asked whether he could work on the paper's staff.

[2][21][24] Ware also supported Richard Jebb's campaign against respected conservative Robert Cecil for the Marylebone East Parliament seat – which cost the paper readership.

In a letter to Wilkinson, Ware wrote that The Morning Post "should boldly point to the German danger" and "rub in the immediate necessity of universal military service and the re-organisation of naval matters".

He felt Ware wanted "to hasten a war with Germany while I hope it may be averted by proper attention to navy and army and by sound foreign policy".

[29] In response to the perceived military deficiency of the United Kingdom and Germany's successful test of a Zeppelin, The Morning Post announced the creation of a National Airship Fund on 21 June 1909.

[30][31][32] After leaving The Morning Post, Ware planned to create a weekly paper independent from political parties, with funding from various British Dominions.

[note 2][1][2] In 1912 he published The Worker and His Country, which historians John Lack and Bart Ziino describe as "an alarmist diagnosis of social unrest in France and Britain".

[37][38][39] Ware—who was 45 years old—had been rejected from serving in the British Army because he was too old, and obtained an appointment to command a mobile Red Cross ambulance unit with the assistance of Lord Milner.

He had a degree of independence afforded by the Joint Finance Committee of St John Ambulance and the Red Cross, who gave Ware his own operating budget for three-month periods.

[49] With the support of Macready[10][50] the British Army formally recognised a Grave Registration Commission (GRC) on 2 March that was created from Ware's unit.

[54][59] Ware's role in the commission was to serve as "the sole intermediary between the British Army in the Field and the French Military and Civil Authorities in all matters relating to graves".

[64][65][66] It gave Britain the ability to control their war graves in "perpetuity of sepulture"[67][46] and provided for the establishment of a British authority to manage the cemeteries.

Despite a ban on exhumations established by French General Joseph, his family received special permission to take the body and bury it in Hawarden, Wales.

Following a suggestion by the British Army, the government created the National Committee for the Care of Soldiers' Graves in January 1916, with Edward, Prince of Wales agreeing to serve as president and Ware as a member.

Though the feud continued into the 1930s, Ware's Commission was ensured priority when the GRC was formally integrated into the Army in May 1916 as the Directorate of Graves Registration and Enquiries (DGRE).

[82] Ware wrote Macready on 21 June 1915; in the letter he included a sketch of a pair of discs made of compressed fibre – one could be removed and the other left with the corpse.

[105] On 9 July a committee organised by Ware, consisting of the Director of the Tate, Charles Aitken, the author J. M. Barrie, and the architects Lutyens and Herbert Baker, toured the cemeteries in order to form a plan for the post-war activities of the commission.

[111] As Aitken's replacement,[103] Frederic G. Kenyon was made artistic director of the Commission[113] on 20 November 1917, largely to serve as a mediator in frequent conflicts between the architects.

[134] Ware was considered one of the faces of the commission,[135] and gave annual Remembrance Day addresses to the United Kingdom to urge against future wars.

[137] At the Imperial War Conference in June 1918 it was agreed to make funding for the commission proportional to the number of soldiers each nation had lost based on figures submitted by Ware.

Charles Bean, the influential journalist and author of Australia's official war history proposed that "the complete Anzac site, including the Turkish trenches on the reverse slope adjoining it, be vested in the Graves Commission".

[139] Ware had unsuccessfully attempted to begin negotiations with Turkey in 1917, separately asking the Red Cross, the Catholic Church, and the United States to serve as intermediaries.

Renegotiation occurred after the Turkish War of Independence, and in the Treaty of Lausanne the IWGC gained the right to land the Allies considered "necessary for the establishment of cemeteries for the regrouping of graves, for ossuaries or memorials".

[134] Most cemeteries were completed by the mid-1920s, at a total cost of £8,150,000 (about £587.14 million in 2023 terms), in what was, according to architectural historian Gavin Stamp, "one of the largest schemes of public works ever undertaken".

[151][152] The Belgian government agreed to give Britain the ruins of the Menin Gate to build a memorial for Commonwealth soldiers whose graves were unknown.

During planning for the Mercantile Marine Memorial in London, the Royal Fine Arts Commission (RFAC) rejected Lutyens's initial proposal at Temple Gardens on the bank of the River Thames, suggesting Tower Hill instead.

Ware saw them as tools to further the IWGC's work to, as the historian Philip Longworth writes, "bring home to ordinary people of all nations a realisation of the cost of war.

The committee was the first in a former enemy power and Ware saw its work as uniting the nations in "an organised movement of common remembrance of the dead of the Great War.

As a director of the journal, he made the decision to appoint Arnold Wilson as editor and later insisted on his removal for poor coverage of the Spanish Civil War.

An airship in flight
The Lebaudy airship
A plaque saying Sir Fabian Ware 1869–1949 Founder of the Imperial War Graves Commission lived here 1911–1919
At Ware's residence, 14 Wyndham Place, Marylebone
A military portrait of Nevil Macready in 1915
Nevil Macready, c. 1915
An image of Edwin Lutyens in 1921
Edwin Lutyens
A stone inscribed with the words "Their Name Liveth For Evermore"
In Kemmel Chateau Military Cemetery
A cemetery with rows of evenly spaced white headstones
Forceville Communal Cemetery and Extension
A rectangular monument in the shape of a vaulted colonnade
The Mercantile Marine Memorial
a large triumphal arch
The All India War Memorial
Fabian Ware's gravestone in Amberley.