User review

[3] Producers of goods and services can utilise user reviews through word of mouth (WOM) recognition enhancing their reputation, but can also be disparaged.

[4] Both the volume and valence of reviews are recorded to impact demand of goods and services but serve as an opportunity for improvement for management and production chains.

[8] Marketing companies who sell fake reviews train workers to write them in realistic ways and to post them from multiple accounts in order to increase credibility.

[11] A 2021 study from University of California, Los Angeles documented large markets where sellers on Amazon purchase fake reviews in private Facebook groups.

[14] In August 2024, the Federal Trade Commission voted unanimously to ban marketers from using fake user reviews created by generative artificial intelligence chatbots (such as ChatGPT) and influencers paying for bots to increase follower counts.

[16] Consumers perceive user reviews using good grammar and persuasive writing style to be of higher quality than those written in other ways.

[24] Some researchers suggest that internal behaviours that value social benefits, self-enhancement, concern for others and the need for gratification are more likely to provide user reviews.

[23] Providing a user review is suggested to fulfil a sense of belonging by conforming to beliefs of a majority or minority opinion of personal experience.

[25] In some situations, research suggests that competitors take advantage of anonymous review systems to negatively influence and control the intensity of their competition.