The overwhelming majority (an estimated 95%) of the people of Falaba District are Muslims of the Sunni tradition of Islam.

Politically Falaba District is a swing district as it is home to a large percentage of supporters of Sierra Leone's two major political parties: the Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP) and the All People's Congress (APC).

In the 2018 Sierra Leone Presidential election, Samura Kamara of then ruling All People's Congress received 57% of the votes in Falaba District, and Julius Maada Bio of then major opposition Sierra Leone People's Party received 42% of the votes in Falaba District.

Prior to the 2017 local administrative reorganization, Dembelia Sikunia, Folasaba, Mongo, Neya and Sulima Chiefdoms were formerly from Koinadugu District.

The Sierra Leone Police is the primary law enforcement agency and crimes investigation in Falaba District.

However, the Paramount chiefs and the traditional council also investigate minor crimes and solve family and community conflict in Falaba District.