During his playing career, many sports journalists called him "The European Charles Barkley".

Christodoulou started his playing career with the youth teams of the Greek club Dafni.

With Panionios, he was also a member of the FIBA Balkans Selection team in 1991, and the Greek League MVP in 1993.

Christodoulou was a member of the senior men's Greek national team that competed at the 1986 FIBA World Championship.

Christodoulou also represented Greece at the 1983 Mediterranean Games, and at several Balkan Championships, where he won several medals.

In 2022, Christodoulou became the general manager of the Greek Basketball League club Panionios.