It is believed that the first time he left his hometown was when he served as an interpreter on the church inspection tour of a Spanish priest named Cristóbal de Albornoz, who was attempting to eliminate idolatry in the small Quechua towns.

There is a tradition that says that direct descendants from the line of the ruling Inca Huaman are protected and secretly maintained to be ready to take over the Peruvian Empire and re-impose the supremacy of order over chaos.

A handful of sixteenth-century documents attest that Guaman Poma served in the 1560s to 1570s as a Quechua translator for Friar Cristóbal de Albornoz[4] in his campaign to eradicate the messianic apostasy, known as Taki Unquy, from the Christian doctrine of local believers.

Guaman Poma appeared as a plaintiff in a series of lawsuits from the late 1590s, in which he attempted to recover land and political title in the Chupas valley that he believed to be his by family right.

His great work was the Primer nueva corónica y buen gobierno (The First New Chronicle and Good Government), a 1,189-page document written largely in Spanish, with sections in Quechua.

Written between 1600 and 1615 and addressed to King Philip III of Spain,[3] the corónica[a] outlines the injustices of colonial rule and argues that the Spanish were foreign settlers in Peru.

[2] The work also includes his "Mapa Mundi de Reino de las Indias" (World Map of the Kingdom of the Indians), a cartographic representation of the Inca Empire drawn in the mappa mundi style favored by medieval European mapmakers, which placed Cusco, the ancient Inca capital, at the center of the world.

The original manuscript of the corónica has been kept in the Danish Royal Library since at least the early 1660s, though it only came into public view in 1908, when it was discovered by the German scholar Richard Pietschmann.

[4] In 1980, a critical transcription of the book, based on an autopsy[clarification needed] of the manuscript rather than on the 1936 facsimile, was published by John Murra and Rolena Adorno[4] (with contributions by Jorge Urioste) as Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala, Nueva crónica y buen gobierno.

A high-quality digital facsimile of the original manuscript was published online in 2001 by the Danish Royal Library, with Rolena Adorno as scholarly editor.

The project's principal scholars included Juan de Ossio, Thomas Cummins, and Barbara Anderson, with collaboration by Rolena Adorno and Ivan Boserup.

[4] After comparing the two existing manuscripts of Historia general del Piru (one owned by the Getty and the other by a private collector in Ireland), these scholars proved that Murúa's chronicle includes illustrations by Guaman Poma.

Guaman Poma notably attacks Murúa in his corónica, including depicting the friar's striking and kicking an Indigenous woman seated at a loom.

Guaman Poma was prompted to write his own account against what he understood to be Murúa's limited perspective, which he had encountered in the original manuscript of Historia general del Piru."

"Although the evidence suggests that they worked independently after 1600, the efforts of Murúa and Guaman Poma can never be separated, and their talents, individually and together, produced three distinctive testimonies to the interaction between missionary author and indigenous artist-cum-author in early colonial Peru.