Female ejaculation
[7] Research has suffered from highly selected participants, narrow case studies, or very small sample sizes, and consequently has yet to produce significant results.
[20] In the 17th century, François Mauriceau described glands at the female urethral meatus that "pour out great quantities of saline liquor during coition, which increases the heat and enjoyment of women".
In the lower part, near the outlet of the urinary passage, this membrane is pierced by large ducts, or lacunae, through which pituito-serous matter occasionally discharges in considerable quantities.
The substance could be called quite aptly the female 'prostatae' or 'corpus glandulosum', 'glandulous body'...The function of the 'prostatae' is to generate a pituito-serous juice which makes women more libidinous with its pungency and saltiness and lubricates their sexual parts in agreeable fashion during coitus.
[VII:81] The discharge from the female 'prostatae' causes as much pleasure as does that from the male 'prostatae'He identified [XIII:212] the various controversies regarding the ejaculate and its origin, but stated he believed that this fluid "which rushes out with such impetus during venereal combat or libidinous imagining" was derived from a number of sources, including the vagina, urinary tract, cervix and uterus.
However he appears not to distinguish between the lubrication of the perineum during arousal and an orgasmic ejaculate when he refers to liquid "which in libidinous women often rushes out at the mere sight of a handsome man."
[29] Female ejaculation is mentioned as normal in early 20th century 'marriage manuals', such as TH Van de Velde's Ideal Marriage: Its Physiology and Technique (1926).
[30] It appears that the majority of laymen believe that something is forcibly squirted (or propelled or extruded), or expelled from the woman's body in orgasm, and should so happen normally, as in the man's case.
These clearly showed the difference between the original glands identified by Skene at the urinary meatus, and the more proximal collections of glandular tissue emptying directly into the urethra.
[31] The urethra might well be compared to a tree about which and growing outward from its base are numerous stunted branches, the paraurethral ducts and glands.Most of the interest had focused on the substance and structure rather than function of the glands.
Moreover the profuse secretions coming out with the orgasm have no lubricating significance, otherwise they would be produced at the beginning of intercourse and not at the peak of orgasm.However this paper made little impact, and was dismissed in the major sexological writings of that time, such as Kinsey (1953)[33] and Masters and Johnson (1966),[34] equating this "erroneous belief" with urinary stress incontinence.
Although clearly Kinsey was familiar with the phenomenon, commenting that (p. 612); Muscular contractions of the vagina following orgasm may squeeze out some of the genital secretions, and in a few cases eject them with some forceas were Masters and Johnson ten years later, who observed (pp 79–80): Most women do not ejaculate during orgasm...we have observed several cases of women who expelled a type of fluid that was not urine(emphasis in original) yet dismissed it (p. 135) – "female ejaculation is an erroneous but widespread concept", and even twenty years later in 1982,[35] they repeated the statement that it was erroneous (p. 69–70) and the result of "urinary stress incontinence".
Nevertheless, the theory advanced by these authors was immediately dismissed by many other authors, such as physiologist Joseph Bohlen,[41] for not being based on rigorous scientific procedures, and psychiatrist Helen Singer Kaplan (1983) stated:[42] Female ejaculation (as distinct from female urination during orgasm) has never been scientifically substantiated and is highly questionable, to say the least.Some radical feminist writers, such as Sheila Jeffreys (1985) were also dismissive, claiming it as a figment of male fantasy:[43] There are examples in the sexological literature of men's sexual fantasies about lesbian sexuality.
[45][46][47] Female ejaculation appears in 20th-century anthropological works, such as Malinowski's Melanesian study, The Sexual Life of Savages (1929), and Gladwin and Sarason's "Truk: Man in Paradise" (1956).
[49] Catherine Blackledge [pl][22] (p. 205) provides a number of examples from other cultures, including the Ugandan Batoro, Mohave Indians, Mangaians, and Ponapese.
[6][7] Rodriguez et al. stated that "many individuals refer to any fluid expressed from the vagina or urethra during coitus as female ejaculate, which leads to significant confusion in the literature.
Since the area of interest is the para-urethral glands, it is impossible to completely separate the secretions from urine, especially considering that there may be retrograde ejaculation into the urethra towards the bladder.
[8] Research in this area has concentrated almost exclusively on attempts to prove that the ejaculate is not urine,[56][57] measuring substances such as urea, creatinine, prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), prostate-specific antigen (PSA),[15] glucose and fructose[58] levels.
Although small amounts of prostatic secretions are present in the emitted fluid, the study suggests that squirting is essentially the involuntary emission of urine during sexual activity.
[71][72][73] Regardless of the facts relating to the details of female ejaculation, the social significance of the popular accounts through the feminist health care movement has been considerable.
[75][76] In an extensive survey, Darling and colleagues claim support for the existence of ejaculation,[13] while in a sharply critical response, Alzate[61][77] states that direct experimentation fails to provide any evidence.
[78] Alzate states: the ignorance and/or confusion still prevalent among women about the anatomy and physiology of their sexual organs may make them mistake either vaginal lubrication or stress urinary incontinence for an "ejaculation.
Bell's critique lies at the heart of feminist concerns about this debate, namely a tendency to "disregard, reinterpret, and overwrite women's subjective descriptions."
Bell further questions why feminists have not been more outspoken in defense of women's control over female ejaculation, pointing out that the literature frames the discussion in only five separate ways; procreation, sexual pleasure, deviance, pathology, and a scientific mystery.
[19] The discussion entered popular culture in 1982 with the publication of the best-selling book The G Spot and Other Recent Discoveries About Human Sexuality, by Ladas, Whipple, and Perry.
[81] Whipple continued to publicise her discoveries, including a 9 min video made in 1981 Orgasmic Expulsions of Fluid in the Sexually Stimulated Female.
[87] Other criticism comes from Barbara Ehrenreich[88] and colleagues who see this new sexuality as one that privileges the male in control, penile retention and body position, but this is denied by others.
[76][90] Female pornographic performers who are alleged to ejaculate on film include Hotaru Akane,[91] Charley Chase,[92] Annie Cruz,[93] Cytherea,[94] Jamie Lynn,[95] Jiz Lee,[96] Missy Monroe,[97] Jenna Presley,[98] and Flower Tucci.
[109] Easy on the Eye Productions released a press announcement on 6 October 2010, stating that the BBFC passed the DVD Women Love Porn (containing a sequence involving female ejaculation in the scene "Top Milf") on advice of legal counsel when the director, Anna Span, pushed for a hearing with the Video Appeals Committee.
Easy on the Eye Productions considered this an "historic victory",[110] although the BBFC maintains that its stance remains "fundamentally unchanged" for future releases.
