[1] This term first appeared in Hong Kong in the 1970s, referring to those young people who were not satisfied with Chinese society and sought reform.
Chinese critics often refer to them using the homophone characters "粪青"[3] which are pronounced identically but translate to "shit-youth".
The phenomenon of fenqing arose after the "reform and opening up" of the Chinese government, during the period of fast economic development that occurred in China.
However, they are usually nationalistic and patriotic, are often left-wing in political ideology, and tend to defend Mao Zedong's controversial actions during the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution.
Fenqing also refers to "20-somethings often use the Internet to publicly express their views on politics and society.