Riding for the Colombian national cycling team, Gaviria came to international attention at the 2015 Tour de San Luis, where he beat former world champion Mark Cavendish in two sprint finishes.

Its colours recall his world championship titles, his Colombia and "la maglia Ciclamino" won at Giro d'Italia.

Before his road career, Gaviria won the omnium and madison events at the 2012 UCI Juniors Track World Championships.

He won a surprise victory in the first stage of the race, opening his sprint early and beating 2011 world champion Mark Cavendish of the Etixx–Quick-Step team into second place.

[19] In February 2015, Lefevere announced that Gaviria would be undergoing tests with Etixx–Quick-Step after the UCI Track Cycling World Championships, a further move towards a contract for 2016.

In the concluding points race, he was able to gain an early lap on the field, giving him a large advantage; he was then able to mark his closest rival, Elia Viviani, and secured a comfortable overall victory to win the rainbow jersey.

[26] The following day Gaviria won his first individual stage victory for the team, winning a reduced bunch sprint.

[27] After this race, it was the Tour of Britain, where Gaviria managed to take one stage win ahead of several world class sprinters including André Greipel and Elia Viviani.

In early March he became the first rider to win two gold medals in the Omnium at the Track Cycling World Championships by defending his title from the previous year.

[29] In 2017, he was named in the start list for the Giro d'Italia and won Stage 3 from Tortolì to Cagliari in a sprint finish, taking the lead in the general classification in the process.

At the end of the season, he obtained no notable results and was criticized by Joxean Fernández, the manager of UAE Team Emirates, who questioned his "focus and motivation".