The ministry was led (Chief Minister) by Communist Party of India leader E. M. S. Namboodiripad from 5 April 1957 to 31 July 1959 and had eleven ministries.

[2] One of the first democratically elected Communist governments in the world after San Marino (1942-1947), Namboodiripad and his cabinet are known for their introduction of the Land Reform Ordinance and the Education Bill.

E M S Namboodiripad formed the first elected government with the support of 5 independent legislators.

The government was not able to complete its full 5 years term.

Government was dismissed by the President of India by the use of Article 356 of Indian constitution following the 'Liberation Struggle' (Vimochana Samaram in Malayalam).