In the early 16th Century Qasim Khan had united all tribes and nations of Eastern Cumania into one state — the Kazakh Khanate.

However the unity of the khanate relied on Qasim Khan's personal authority, and after his death an internecine war started between descendants of Janibek Khan for the throne.

Tahir Khan was defeated by the ruler of Moghulistan, Keldi-Muhammad, and fled to Kyrgyzstan, where he died.

Sultan Haqnazar inflicted a crushing defeat on Buydash Khan, who fled to Moghulistan.

Nevertheless it had lost nearly half of their territory - Western Kazakhstan was captured by the Nogai Horde, Eastern Kazakhstan by Four Oirat, Northern - by the Khanate of Sibir, Moghulistan obtained Western Zhetusy whilst the Khanate of Bukhara got Tashkent.