Flexicoil suspension

Flexicoil (though not known by this term) suspensions were fitted to locomotives in Spain, the Soviet Union and Africa as early as the 1930s.

[1] In Germany, Flexicoil suspensions were first used in the 1950s under high-speed electric locomotives, notably the DB Class 103.

Under this arrangement, each flexicoil spring is twisted and moved from its vertical axis when the vehicle is cornering.

In heavier types of flexicoil suspension rolling stock, a bogie pivot fitted with rubber-metal bearings is used to hold a cross anchor yoke, which transfers the forces to the bogie frame via two cross anchor link pins.

[5] Locomotive bogies are usually also provided with a weight transfer linkage, or with a different tension transmission.