[citation needed] In the state of Vermont, two common pests are of particular significance, the Hemlock Woolly Adelgid or HWA, and thrips.
[citation needed] Preventive practices of forest integrated pest management include training, detection, diagnosis and evaluation and exclusion.
Cleaning equipment before moving to different stands and when first brought onto the property will remove any contaminates that could affect the forest.
These practices range from choosing a good site with adequate drainage to the having an appropriate tree per acer (TPA).
Instead, the forest and its surrounding area is managed in a way to promote natural enemies of pest species.
The fungicide triadimefon is applied to loblolly and slash pine seeds to prevent fusiform rust.
[1] Eucalyptus plantations provide a unique management challenge since they are commonly grown out of their native range and also in monocultures of clones.
This combination is why monoculture environments favor certain species and amplify their numbers to pest levels.
[4] The biggest pest concern with eucalyptus plantations in Brazil, for example, are leaf-cutting ants and Lepidopteran (moth and butterfly) defoliators.
The insecticide methyl bromide is needed to fight leaf-cutting ants, with application done within a month of planting.