Tree planting
Trees contribute to their environment over long periods of time by improving air quality, climate amelioration, conserving water, preserving soil, and supporting wildlife.
[citation needed] The classical silvicultural literature unanimously advocates spring as the time to plant bareroot stock, with lifting and outplanting taking place while the trees are still apparently dormant.
Soil moisture conditions are generally favourable at the time when the growing season is about to begin, while dormant stock is less subject to mechanical injury and physiological shock.
[8] The fall planting season is generally considered to begin when nursery stock has hardened off and soil moisture reserves have been replenished by autumnal rain.
[10] On certain sites, a major disadvantage of fall planting is that the root systems of outplants have little time in which to become firmly anchored before being subjected to frost heaving.
In another study, Mullin (1978)[22] found that outplantings of frozen-stored 3+0 white spruce were consistently successful to the end of July only with the earliest-lifted (25 April) stock.
Sutton (1982)[25] also used 3+0 white spruce in outplanting every 2 weeks from the end of June through the growing season in 3 successive years on a variety of sites in northern Ontario.
Using natural refrigeration in root cellar storage, Jorgensen and Stanek (1962)[27] kept 3+0 and 2+2 white spruce in dormant condition for 6 months without apparent detriment to performance after outplanting.
[41] Therefore, scientists consider "the protection and recovery of carbon-rich and long-lived ecosystems, especially natural forests" to be "the major climate solution".
Earth offers enough room to plant an additional 0.9 billion ha of tree canopy cover, although this estimate has been criticized,[46][47] and the true area that has a net cooling effect on the climate when accounting for biophysical feedbacks like albedo is 20-80% lower.
[49] Life expectancy of forests varies throughout the world, influenced by tree species, site conditions, and natural disturbance patterns.
A meta-analysis found that mixed species plantations would increase carbon storage alongside other benefits of diversifying planted forests.
[61]: 1457 Australian forests have been heavily affected since European colonisation, and some attempts have been made to restore native habitats, both by government and individuals.
45 poor rural women & 3 local social workers will be employed for 3 years to nurture the young saplings, receiving a monthly salary.
]These numbers are higher in central and eastern Canada, where the terrain is generally faster, however the price per tree is slightly lower as a result.
Planting contractors will be engaged by the landowner/management company, a contract drawn up and work will typically take place from November to April when most of the transplants are dormant.
[citation needed] Planters are normally paid under piece work terms and an experienced worker will plant around 1600 trees a day under most conditions.
Tree Plantation drives combat many environmental issues like deforestation, erosion of soil, desertification in semi-arid areas, global warming and hence enhancing the beauty and balance of the environment.
Aniruddha's Academy of Disaster Management in Mumbai, India carries out numerous projects to plant trees on a huge scale.
[83] Yatir Forest is a part of the NASA project FluxNet, a global network of micrometeorological tower sites used to measure the exchanges of carbon dioxide, water vapor, and energy between terrestrial ecosystem and atmosphere.
The Arava Institute for Environmental Studies conducts research that focuses on crops such as dates and grapes grown in the vicinity of Yatir forest.
The Monterey Pine (Pinus radiata) is commonly used for plantations since a fast-growing cultivar suitable for a wide range of conditions has been developed.
Government agencies, environmental organisations and private trusts carry out tree planting for conservation and climate change mitigation.
Greenpop is a national Social Enterprise established in 2010 which focusses on tree planting in sustainable urban greening and forest restoration in Sub-Saharan Africa.
[citation needed] The largest planted forest in the Southern Hemisphere is located in the Sabie/Graskop area in South Africa and covers approximately 6,000 km2.
Machine planting was used for forest restoration on Alaska's Kenai Peninsula following a large scale Spruce Bark Beetle outbreak in the 1990s.
[101] The concept of planting multiple trees together on a large scale to replenish material supplies first developed in Europe during the Middle Ages, and gradually gave rise to forestry plantations.
[101] The earliest records of conifer plantations come from Nuremberg in 1368,[102] although the planting of trees on a large scale may have taken place as early as the 13th century in this region to reafforest exploited areas.
[103] As Neolithic humans assumed a more settled way of life, and with the technological development of agriculture and consequent growth of civilization, more trees would need to be felled and gathered as a source of timber and other forest products and to make way for cultivation of crops.
This conveyed a successful plea for reafforestation by persuading landowners to plant millions of trees on their private estates to make good the severe shortage of timber and repair the "wooden walls" of England.
