Formica aquilonia, also called the Scottish wood ant, is a species of wood ant of the genus Formica which are widely distributed in Europe and Asia, occurring from Scandinavia in the north to Bulgaria and Italy in the south, and from the UK eastwards through France and Germany to Russia, while they are also found in the coastal areas of the Sea of Okhotsk in eastern Siberia.

[1] The Scottish wood ant has a wide distribution across northern Europe, its range extending from Scandinavia to Siberia.

In Scotland it occurs in the pinewoods of the Caledonian Forest and throughout the Highlands, including the Isle of Skye off the west coast.

Foraging ants collect honeydew from plant-sucking insects among the tree foliage and bring it back to the nest.

[2] Formica aquilonia is included on the International Union for Conservation of Nature's (IUCN) Red List of threatened species, where they are classified as Lower Risk.