Workers can range from 3.5 to 9.0mm and are uniquely characterized by small hairs covering their entire bodies.

F. truncorum is located in many places worldwide, such as northern Japan, the Jura Mountains and many regions from Italy to Norway.

F. truncorum ants are characterized by a grey-brown gaster and bright yellow-red head and thorax.

They can be distinguished from other species of Formica by the small erect setae covering their entire body.

[3] The kin selection that is necessary for eusociality to evolve would require a signal that allows for related members of a species to recognize each other.

Studies have shown that there is a correlation between the cuticular hydrocarbon profile and the dispersal tendencies of particular colonies.

[7] The social divisions of the eusocial ants can allow for the creation of subsets of populations with specific duties assigned to them, which can be applied to a variety of tasks, including foraging.

Foraging will usually involve the discovery of small caches of food, with some of them being persistent and reliable and others being very transient.

F. truncorum has demonstrated an interested characteristic of its foraging ability where it can successfully follow a trail in light but not in darkness.

Studies of F. truncorum have shown that the sex ratio varies between being female-biased or male-biased depending on how many times the queen has mated.

[citation needed] It was observed in F. truncorum that when two males had their ability to sire offspring compared, one of the two would consistently create more progeny.

A study of the heritability of queen size shows that there is a significant degree of heritability in size that a daughter can receive from her mother, allowing for monogynous colonies to predictably produce larger queens that will disperse to form independent colonies.

This results in reproduction that is driven by a very limited dispersal where queens will bud off of the main nest to create a large, polydomous colony.

This indicates the F. truncorum can form unicolonial populations were the workers migrate between genetically different nests.

[18] Monogynous colonies are not totally enclosed, however, and maintain their single-queen status through high female dispersal and low intranidal breeding.