Formosan rock macaques live in mixed coniferous-hardwood temperate forest, as well as bamboo and grassland at 100–3600m (328–11,812 ft).

The social structure of macaques is generally characterized as often occurring as a large stable multimale-multifemale troop.

Solitary adult males accounted for 5% of the entire population, and they were seen interacting with social troops especially during mating season.

Their diet consists of fruits, tender leaves, buds, grass stems, insects, snails, and bird eggs.

[citation needed] The Formosan rock macaque gives birth to a single offspring.

In Taiwan, there is a strong culture of feeding macaques (in parks, along roadsides), particularly on the west coast, which increases their interaction and incidents with humans.