Texas State Highway 17 (State Street) passes through the center of town, leading northeast 38 miles (61 km) to Interstate 10 at Balmorhea and southwest 21 miles (34 km) to Marfa.

Texas State Highway 118 joins Highway 17 through the center of Fort Davis, but leads northwest through the Davis Mountains 52 miles (84 km) to Interstate 10 and southeast 23 miles (37 km) to Alpine.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 10.1 square miles (26.1 km2), all land.

Fort Davis experiences a semi-arid climate (Köppen BSk) with cool, dry winters and hot, wet summers.

There is a large degree of diurnal temperature variation due to the high elevation of the area.

As of the 2020 United States census, there were 1,024 people, 415 households, and 317 families residing in the CDP.