Fortifications of Copenhagen

They can be classified historically as follows: The first fortification was the castle built by bishop Absalon in 1167 on Slotsholmen at the foundation of the city.

It was replaced in 1417 by the Copenhagen Castle built by the then bishop, but taken over by the king, Eric of Pomerania.

To the west the city was protected by a series of ramparts and bastions northwards from the Indrehavn, below Langebro.

The remains of these works can be seen in the parks at Tivoli, Ørstedsparken, the Botanical Garden and Østre Anlæg.

To the west was a fortification ring consisting of a rampart and ditch, with numerous bastions and batteries (Vestvolden).