[5] Alternatively, women with Fowler's syndrome can present with impaired voiding, voiding difficulties with or without incomplete bladder emptying, may have increased urinary frequency and occasionally impairment in urination and increased frequency of urination, but rarely become incontinent.
[9] Women with Fowler's syndrome can suffer lifelong with debilitating effects on quality of life.
[11] Another hypothesis in that Fowler's syndrome is due to an up-regulation of spinal cord enkephalins and that opiates may compound the functional abnormalities.
[citation needed] Women with Fowler's syndrome characteristically show abnormal electromyography of the urethral sphincter.
It delivers an electric current to the neural reflexes associated with lower urinary tract function via stimulation of the S3 spinal nerve root.
[7][16][17] Sacral Neuromodulation is thought to work because the sensory parts of the brain (the periaqueductal grey) which receives sensory signals from the Lower Urinary Tract becomes activated in women with Fowler's syndrome when the device is switched on; the neuromodulation overriding the negative feedback from the sacral nerves.