Frédérick Leboyer

He also advocated low lighting and quiet in a warm room to limit the supposed shock of birth,[Reynolds, Concise Encyclopedia of Special Education, 138] and that a newborn be laid on its mother's stomach and allowed to bond, instead of being taken away for tests.

Although Leboyer's disciple, Michel Odent, became known for introducing birthing pools in hospitals as an option for lower lumbar pain management.

Odent has stated that being submerged in water longer than 2 hours can decrease the progress of labor.

Informed by the Gate Control Theory of Pain, Odent injected sterile water underneath the skin surface in the lumbar region.

Many sources mistakenly attribute a belief that humans should birth in water to Michel Odent.