Flavors tend to be naturally occurring, and the term fragrances may also apply to synthetic compounds, such as those used in cosmetics.
Aroma compounds can then be identified by gas chromatography-olfactometry, which involves a human operator sniffing the GC effluent.
An academic study in the United States published in 2016 has shown that "34.7 % of the population reported health problems, such as migraine headaches and respiratory difficulties, when exposed to fragranced products".
[13] The composition of fragrances is usually not disclosed in the label of the products, hiding the actual chemicals of the formula, which raises concerns among some consumers.
The EPA, however, does not conduct independent safety testing but relies on data provided by the manufacturer.