He continued his education in Paris as a student of Georges Mareschal (1658–1736), who was chief-surgeon at the Hôpital de la Charité.

In 1714 Peyronie returned to Paris, where he was appointed surgeon-major at the Hôpital de la Charité.

With Georges Mareschal, he founded the Académie Royale de Chirurgie (1731),[1] and was its chairman from 1736 to 1747.

At Montpellier, Peyronie donated the money for the construction of an amphitheatre based on the Collège Saint-Côme de Paris.

In 1752 the construction began, and in 1757 the grand opening of the Hotel Saint-Côme de Montpellier took place.